The Killer Angels and Slavery - 1591 Words

When a researcher studies the causes of most wars, the causes for nearly any war are usually innumerable. However, there are a select few wars that even in the presence of several different motives, one underlying object or ideal seems to always be the root of the problem. One prime example of this idea is the American Civil War wherein almost every individual soldier had a different reason for being on the battlefront. One nation whose people had grown into a melting pot had slowly been torn down the center for several decades before the inevitable war came. Slavery seemed to affect everything in the United States during the time leading up to, during, and even after the Civil War. Thus, the issue was unavoidable, and whatsoever conflict†¦show more content†¦Quite literally brothers had to fight brothers. This sort of warfare shook every solider, commander, and political leader down to their core as they gave the orders to, or actively engaged in combat. The average man who passionately watched the slave debates was now thrust into the combat, whether as a solider or a civilian in the crossfire. There is almost no other topic in the history of the United States that seeped down to every individual man s lifestyle and became a focus mentally and in the warfare in the way slavery did. The average man s point of view on slavery is shown in Michael Shaara s The Killer Angels through soldiers who fought and died over this very ideal. This book s perspective on the common viewpoint on slavery gives a deep insight on the people who didn t belong to the political extremes, which is a topic left out in history a decent amount of the time due to a possible lack of relevance seen by instructors or authors. Through this book it becomes visible how every man has is own just cause for fighting in the war, as shown in Chamberlain s speech that he gives to the soldiers that refused to fight wherein he states: Some of [them] volunteered to fight for the Union. Some ca me in mainly because [they] were bored at home and this looked like it might be fun. Some came because [they] were ashamed not to. Many of [them] came because it was the right thing to do (Shaara 29-30). Even with all theseShow MoreRelatedThe Killer Angels By Michael Shaara1521 Words   |  7 PagesThe book The Killer Angels was published in 1975 by the Ballatine Booksand was written by Michael Shaara. The Killer Angels is a historic novel about the time of the American Civil War, more specifically The Battle of Gettysburg. Shaara wrote this historical masterpiece with the sole purpose of letting the reader know exactly how the war was for the men actually putting their lives on the line to get this great country of America to the stature it is today. In order to accomplish his goal of creatingRead MoreThe Killer Angels By Michael Shaara1290 Words   |  6 Pages The Killer Angels Essay â€Å"There is no honorable way to kill, no gentle way to destroy. There is nothing good in war. Except its ending.† Stated by Abraham Lincoln, this quote embodies the essence of war, its tragic character and unfortunate occasional necessity. Accordingly, the outcome of war and its battles is often determined by the attitudes of the leaders of the opposing sides, including their causes for the willingness to fight and to be fought. Such was the case with the Battle of GettysburgRead MoreThe Killer Angels By Abraham Lincoln1046 Words   |  5 Pagesagainst itself cannot stand.† Lincoln believes that there is no such thing as a balance between free and slave states and that the two contradictory governments are bound to fall. That describes the conflict that occurs in the fictional novel, The Killer Angels, a civil war story between the Union and Confederate states fighting to achieve the government they yearn for. The setting takes place in the midst of the Battle of Gettysburg as the two sides prepare for the fight. The Confederate officers include:Read MoreThe Killer Angels By Michael Shaara1634 Words   |  7 PagesAuthor Background Pulitzer Prize-winning author Michael Shaara, the author of The Killer Angels, was born on June 23, 1928 in Jersey City, New Jersey. He was an author of science fiction, sports fiction, and historical fiction. Although writing was his passion, Shaara was very athletically successful in high school, winning more awards than any other student in the history of the school for sports such as basketball, track and baseball. He acquired a skill in boxing, and of the 18 matches ShaaraRead MoreThe Killer Angels by Michael Shaara Essay1393 Words   |  6 PagesShaaras intent, it can be justifiably stated that he succeeds in his objective. The Killer Angels does not merely relate what assaults and defenses where made by which colonels and generals. Instead, the book delves into the emotions of the major figures of the battle and what they endured physically and mentally as they planned for assault, defense, or mere preservation of life. In this way, The Killer Angels aids the reader in unders tanding the causes for the Battle of Gettysburg and the incidentsRead MoreKiller Angels Essay1856 Words   |  8 Pagesevidence does he present to make his point? Do you agree or disagree with him? Trevor Jenke Professor Lockwood History 1301: M-W 12:30 2 December, 2013 Killer Angels Book Review 1. During the Civil War, there were two sides, the Confederate Army and the Union Army. While the Confederates fought for slavery, the Union fought for their freedom. While the Confederates fought for the continuance of state’s rights, the Union fought, the Union fought for what its name stood for, preservingRead MoreEssay about The Civil War1422 Words   |  6 PagesThe Civil War The Civil War lasted 5 years, took 600,000 lives and yet there exists doubt in what is the main reason behind it. I myself feel that the major issue that triggered the war was slavery, which for the South threatened economy. I am going to discuss how issues of slavery existed before the war, how it was in the minds of soldiers during the war, and then still existed after the war. The North favored a loose interpretation of the United States Constitution, they wanted to grantRead MoreThe Killer Angels By John M. Skipper Essay781 Words   |  4 PagesHistory 1301 John M. Skipper The Killer Angels is a historic backstory of the days leading up to the Civil War. The story is told from multiple viewpoints including Robert E. Lee, James Longstreet, George Meade, and Winfield Scott Hancock. It is mentioned the Army of Northern Virginia is moving behind the Blue Ridge Mountains, and that the Army of Potomac is also moving, but is traveling very slow. This is one of the characteristics which plagued them throughout the war. ShaaraRead MoreEssay about The Killer Angels by Michael Shaara957 Words   |  4 Pages The killer angels is a world acclaimed novel that was written by an author known as Michael Shaara. In the year 1975, it was granted the Pulitzer Prize for creative writing. It gives us in details the occurrences of the four days in the Battle of Gettysburg. This was during the American Civil War that occurred in the year 1863. At this time, troops that comprised of both the Union and Confederacy were at war in town called Gettysburg in Pennsylvania. This is a piece of story that is driven by dispositionRead More The Killer Angels Essay1365 Words   |  6 PagesWars have been fought for many different reasons through the years, and that holds true for the American Civil War (1861-1865). In Michael Shaaras Pulitzer Prize winning novel, The Killer Angels, the reasons for fighting the war are brought about through the officers and soldiers at a famous battle site of the Civil War, Gettysburg. Gettysburg was one of the most documented battles of the whole war. It took place over a sp an of three days and can be viewed as a turning point from Confederate

Keynesian Theory And The Difference Between Real And...

Economics is not only useful to those who use it to determine future outcomes for the world, but it is also an important part of society’s everyday life. We unknowingly understand concepts derived from economics when we are trying to make choices of what to buy, what to invest in, when to be conservative about spending, and much more. Understanding the Keynesian theory and the difference between real and nominal variables may not directly affect each other, but both play a part in how we relate economics to our world. Keynesian theory is a concept developed by John Maynard Keynes, in which it is believed that governments should intervene with the economy and how it is dealt. Keynesian economists believe that saving beyond planned investments is a very serious problem that encourages recession. If saving goes beyond investments, there will not be enough demand to purchase the goods and services that the economy is producing. Therefore, leading into a recession, or worse – a depression. Keynesian economists believe that a government stimulus is more effective at boosting aggregate demand than a tax cut because they believe that government intervention is a way to stabilize an economy. When governments have programs to benefit people who are doing specific jobs, it will bring that money back into the economy, unlike tax cuts. If the spending is supported by tax increases then this will reduce people s incomes after tax, which will ultimately lead them to reduce theirShow MoreRelatedMilton Friedman and His Contribution For The Economic Field Essay1218 Words   |  5 PagesThe Field of Economic Policy and The field of the theory of comparative economic systems. The Field of Pure Economics and Economic Analysis Methodology Theory of money is the core of Friedman’s contribution to pure economic theory. Monetarists declared the slogan â€Å"money matters† or even â€Å"only money matters† and money is placed at the centre of their analyses. An exceptionally important contribution of Friedman’s to the theory of money is his Theory of the demand for money. On the basis of his ownRead MoreThe Quantity Theory Of Money And Taylor s Rules1497 Words   |  6 PagesThe quantity theory of money and Taylor’s rules offer quite different perceptions about â€Å"[to what] extent the structural models should enter the monetary policy decision-making process†()that they appear to be on opposite ends of the spectrum on the issue of monetary policy rules. The quantity theory of money, as restated by Friedman, leads to a constant money growth rule. Monetarists believe that â€Å"variation in the money supply has major influences on national real output in the short run and theRead MoreThe Oil Crisis in the Seventies and The Monetary Policy1894 Words   |  8 PagesCountries) proclaiming a severe restriction in the oil’s supply. Regarding to the macroeconomic theory, at this point the dominant one was still the Keynesian macroeconomics, even though the monetarist theories, coming especially from relevant articles like Friedman (1959, 1968) or Friedman and Schwartz (1969), were starting to get widely accepted by many economists. At this point, most of the Keynesian economists thought that the role of the government in the economy was to play successfully withRead MoreClassical Economics And Keynesian Economics1898 Words   |  8 PagesEconomics and Keynesian Economics. Names such as Adam Smith, Thomas Malthus, Jean-Baptiste Say, among several others are commonly associated with Classical economic thinking; meanwhile, one ‘key’ name associated with the Keynesian model is, as its title suggests, John Maynard Keynes. The goal of each of the two schools of thought is to predict the state of an economy and the appropriate responses of a few chief parties to it. Overall, although there is occasional d eference from Keynesian to ClassicalRead MoreThe Keynesian School Of Economic Thought1948 Words   |  8 Pagestrades. The foundations of this learning process has also came from theories on how to manage and control the economy. This has been built from several thinkers and theorist implanting their ideas into action and having results in the prosperity or failure of an economy. As these theories have evolved as well and some with great prosperity they have been recognized and titled as the Keynesian School of Economic Thought as this is a theory believing aggregate demand is influenced by public and privateRead MoreBiography . Irving Fisher, Is An American Economist, Who1635 Words   |  7 Pagesthat he must be a strong and helpful member of society. His mathematical skills allowed him to become admitted to Yale University, however after a week of starting school, his father passed away. From this point on, Fisher was determined to make a difference in society and support his mo ther and brother. In 1888, he graduated with a B.A and was a member of the prestigious, Skull Bones society. Although Fisher’s major discipline was Mathematics, his true passion was economics, thus resulting him writingRead MoreIntroduction to Macroeconomics4023 Words   |  17 PagesThere is also the â€Å"foreign exchange† market, but let us ignore this for the moment (effectively, let us assume for the time being that the economy we are examining is a closed economy). As microeconomics studies these markets, it would focus on variables like the price of the good or service observed in each market together with quantity (or physical amount) of the good produced and sold in that market: Microeconomics... studies... and tries to explain... market for hazelnut price ofRead MoreRelationship Between Unemployment And Inflation2301 Words   |  10 PagesThe relationship between unemployment and inflation has been the subject of heated debate, stimulate academic divide between macroeconomics because the relationship is difficult to explain. Rational expectations have been proposed by the new classical school of thought, there is not even a short-term trade-off between inflation and unemployment expected. Only a compromise when inflation is unanticipated. We think there is a compromise between the two, even in the short term, regardless of the factRead MoreThe Demand For Money Has Been An Essential Part Of Economics1781 Words   |  8 Pagesbeginning of economics, even though minimal attention was given to it before the 1920s. This apparent lack of thought appears to have dramatically changed since the Great Depression of early 1930’s. These crises have lured special attention in monetary theory and consequently an equally particular attention has been focused on the demand for money. Today, over sixty years after these crises, interest on the causation of the failure of governments and depression, and the monetary authorities to preventRead MoreInflation Is An Important Issue For Both Monetary Policy Makers And The Phillips Curve By John M. Roberts3648 Words   |  15 Pagesand George Moore and New Keynesian Economics and the Phillips Curve by John M. Roberts. We are going to follow the idea of Roberts (1995) and use the model in â€Å"Monetary Theory and Policy† second edition written by Carl E. Walsh. Section 1 gives the reason why inflation persistence is important. And also briefly introduce three different models that are summarized within the paper of Fuhrer and Moore (1995) and the book of Walsh. Section 2 introduces two kind of New Keynesian Phillips Curve deriving

Interaction Sales and Ce Manager Free Essays

Front Office Interaction with Other Departments in the Hotel The front of? ce staffs interacts with all departments of the hotel, including marketing and sales, housekeeping, food and beverage, banquet, controller, maintenance, security, and human resources. These departments view the front of? ce as a communication liaison in providing guest services. Each of the departments has a unique communication link with the front office staff. We will write a custom essay sample on Interaction: Sales and Ce Manager or any similar topic only for you Order Now Food and Beverage Department  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Communication between the food and beverage department and the front of? e is also essential. Some of this communication is conveyed by relaying messages and providing accurate information on transfers, which are forms used to communicate a charge to a guest’s account. Communication activities also include reporting predicted house counts, an estimate of the number of guests expected to register based on previous occupancy activities, and processing requests for paid-outs, forms used to indicate the amounts of monies paid out of the cashier’s drawer on behalf of a guest or an employee of the hotel.These vital services help an overworked food and beverage manager, restaurant manager, or banquet captain meet the demands of the public. Incoming messages for the food and beverage manager and executive chef from vendors and other industry representatives are important to the business operation of the food and beverage department. If the switchboard operator is given instructions on screening callers (such as times when the executive chef cannot be disturbed because of a busy workload or staff meetings, or vendors in whom the chef is not interested), the important messages will receive top priority.In a hotel that has point-of-sale terminals, computerized cash registers that interface with a property management system, information on guest charges is automatically posted to a guest’s folio, his or her record of charges and payments. When a hotel does not have point-of-sale terminals that interface with PMS point-of-sale terminals, the desk clerk is responsible for posting accurate charges on the guest folio and relies on transfer slips. Also, the night auditor’s job is made easier if the transfer slip is accurately prepared and posted.The front of? ce manager should work with the food and beverage director in developing standard operating procedures and methods to complete the transfer of charge s. The supervisors in the food and beverage department rely on the predicted house count prepared by the front of? ce manager to schedule employees and predict sales. For ex- ample, the restaurant supervisor working the breakfast shift will want to know how many guests will be in the hotel so he or she can determine how many servers to schedule for breakfast service. Timely and accurate preparation of this communication tool assists in staffing control and sales predictions. Authorized members of the food and beverage department will occasionally ask the front of? ce for cash, in the form of a paid-out, to purchase last-minute items for a banquet, the lounge, or the restaurant or to take advantage of other unplanned opportunities to promote hospitality. Specific guidelines concerning cash limits, turnaround time, prior approval, authorized signatures, and purchase receipts are developed by the general manager and front of? ce manager.These guidelines help to maintain control of paid-outs. Banquet Department The banquet department, which often combines the functions of a marketing and sales department and a food and beverage department, requires the front office to relay information to guests about scheduled events and bill payment. The front desk staff may also provide labour to prepare the daily announcement board, an inside listing of the daily activities of the hotel (time, group, and room assignment), and marquee, the curb side message board, which includes the logo of the hotel and space for a message.Since the majority of banquet guests may not be registered guests in the hotel, the front office provides a logical communications centre. The daily posting of scheduled events on a felt board or an electronic bulletin board provides all guests and employees with information on group events. The preparation of the marquee may include congratulatory, welcome, sales promotion, or other important messages. In some hotels, an employee in the front office contacts the marketing and sales department for the message. The banquet guest who is unfamiliar with the hotel property will ask at the front of? e for directions. This service might seem minor in the overall delivery of service, but it is essential to the lost or confused guest. The front of? ce staff must know both how to direct guests to particular meeting rooms or reception areas and which functions are being held in which rooms. Front desk clerks, as shown in Figure 3-2, must be ready to provide information for all departmental activities in the hotel. The person responsible for paying the bills for a special event wills also ? nd his or her way to the front of? ce to settle the city ledger accounts.If the banquet captain is not able to present the bill for the function, the front desk clerk should be informed about the specifics of food and beverage charges, gratuities, rental charges, method of payment, and the like. Marketing and Sales Department  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The marketing and sales department relies on the front of? ce to provide data on guest histories, details concerning each guest’s visit. Some of the information gathered is based on zip code, frequency of visits, corporate affiliation, special needs, and reservations for sleeping rooms.It is also the front office’s job to make a good ? rst impression on the public, to relay messages, and to meet the requests of guests who are usin g the hotel for meetings, seminars, and banquets. The guest history is a valuable resource for marketing and sales, which use the guest registration information to target marketing campaigns, develop promotions, prepare mailing labels, and select appropriate advertising media. The front of? ce staff must make every effort to keep this database current and accurate. The process of completing the booking of a special function (such as a wedding reception, convention, or seminar) depends on the availability of sleeping rooms for guests. The marketing and sales executives may have to check the lists of available rooms three, six, or even twelve months in the future to be sure the hotel can accommodate the expected number of guests. A database of available rooms is maintained in the property management system by the front of? ce. The ? rst guest contact with the marketing and sales department is usually through the hotel’s switchboard.A competent switchboard operator who is friendly and knowledge- able about hotel operations and personnel will make a good ? rst impression, conveying to the prospective client that this hotel is competent. When the guest ? nally arrives for the function, the ? rst contact with the hotel is usually through the front of? ce staff. The front of? ce manager who makes the effort to determine which banquet supervisor is in charge and communicates that information to the desk clerk on duty demonstrates to the public that this hotel is dedicated to providing hospitality. Messages for the marketing and ales department must be relayed completely, accurately, and quickly. The switchboard operator is a vital link in the communication between the prospective client and a salesperson in the marketing and sales department.The front of? ce manager should instruct all new personnel in the front of? ce about the staff in the marketing and sales department and what each person’s job entails (this applies to all departments in the hotel, not just marketing and sales). Front of? ce employees should know how to pronounce the names of all marketing and sales employees. To help front of? e staff become familiar with all these people, managers should show new employees pictures of the department directors and supervisors. Requests for service at meetings, seminars, banquets, and the like are often made at the front of? ce. The banquet manager, a person who is responsible for fulfilling the details of service for a banquet or special event, or sales associate, a person who books the guest’s requirements for banquets and other special events, might be busy with another function. If a guest needs an extension cord or an electrical outlet malfunctions, the front desk staff must be ready to meet the guest’s needs.The front of? ce manager should establish standard operating procedures for the front of? ce employees to contact maintenance, house- keeping, marketing and sales, or the food and beverage department to meet other common requests. Knowing how to ? nd a small tool kit, adapters, adhesive materials, extra table covers, or window cleaner will help the guest and will save the time involved in tracking down the salesperson in charge. Housekeeping Department Guestrooms in lodging properties are sold by the front office.The front desk must know at every given moment what rooms have been cleaned and are available for occupancy. Housekeeping must provide the front desk with a listing of rooms that are ready for occupancy so guests can be checked in. If the communication between the two departments is poor or breaks down, delays in guest check in will oc cur or people will be checked into rooms that are thought to be ready but that in fact are occupied or not ready. If this happens often, the property’s reputation will suffer. Housekeeping and the front of? ce communicate with each other about ousekeeping room status, the report on the availability of the rooms for immediate guest occupancy. Housekeeping room status can be described in the following communication terms: * Available Clean, or Ready—room is ready to be occupied * Occupied—guest or guests are already occupying a room * Stay over—guest will not be checking out of a room on the current day *Dirty or On-Change—guest has checked out of the room, but the housekeeping staff has not released the room for occupancy * Out-of-Order—room is not available for occupancy because of a mechanical Malfunction Housekeeping and the front of? e also communicate on the details of potential house count (a report of the number of guests registered in the hotel), security concerns, and requests for amenities (personal toiletry items such as shampoo, toothpaste, m outhwash, and electrical equipment). These issues are of immediate concern to the guest as well as to supervisors in the hotel. Reporting of room status is handled on a face-to-face basis in a hotel that does not use a property management system (PMS). The bihourly or hourly visits of the house- keeper to the front desk clerk are a familiar scene in such a hotel.The official reporting of room status at the end of the day is accomplished with a housekeeper’s room report—a report prepared by the housekeeper that lists the guest room occupancy status as vacant, occupied, or out-of-order. Sometimes even regular reporting of room status is not adequate, as guests may be anxiously awaiting the opportunity to occupy a room. On these occasions, the front desk clerk will have to telephone the ? oor supervisor to determine when the servicing of a room will be completed.The housekeeper relies on the room sales projections—a weekly report prepared and distributed by the front of? ce manager that indicates the number of departures, arrivals, walk-ins, stay over, and no-shows—to schedule employees. Timely distribution of the room sales projections assists the executive housekeeper in planning employee personal leaves and vacation days. The front desk also relies on housekeeping personnel to report any unusual circumstances that may indicate a violation of security for the guests.For example, if a maid or houseman notices obviously non-registered guests on a ? oor, a ? re exit that has been propped open, or sounds of a domestic disturbance in a guest room, he or s he must report these potential security violations to the front of? ce. The front of? ce staff, in turn, will relay the problem to the proper in-house or civil authority. The front of? ce manager may want to direct the front desk clerks and switchboard operators to call ? oor supervisors on a regular basis to check activity on the guest ? oors.Guest requests for additional or special amenities and guest room supplies may be initiated at the front desk. The prompt relay of requests for extra blankets, towels, soap, and shampoo to housekeeping is essential. This is hospitality at its best. Human Resources Management Department The human resources management department may rely on the front office staff to act as an initial point of contact for potential employees in all departments. It may even ask the front office to screen job candidates. If so, guidelines for and training in screening methods must be provided. Some directors of human resources management depend on the front office to distribute application forms and other personnel-related information to job applicants. The potential employee may ask for directions to the personnel office at the front desk. The human resources management department may also develop guidelines for the front desk clerk to use in initially screening candidates. For example, the guidelines may include concerns about personal hygiene, completion of an application, education requirements, experience, and citizenship status.This information will help the executives in the human resources management department interview potential job candidates Security Department Communications between the security department and the front office are very important in providing hospitality to the guest. These departments work together very closely in maintaining guest security. Fire safety measures and emergency communication systems as well as procedures for routine investigatio n of guest security concerns require the cooperation of these departments. How to cite Interaction: Sales and Ce Manager, Papers

Cultural Differences in Business

Question: Discuss about theCultural Differences in Business. Answer: Introduction The business arena is the best place to study the different kinds of culture. Culture reveals themselves in the situations like the economy in business which is at stake. The business practices comprise of the cultural attitudes that reflects the work, wealth, power and even communication. The cultural diversity greatly affects the business process involving people from around the world and the way we communicate greatly reflects our culture. In business, communication is the most important factor that provides successful execution and productivity of the business. Due to language disparities, there is loss in business deals as the people involved do not take interest to communicate and interact. Therefore, this leads to the analysis of different styles of communication that varies differently among people and therefore it is a real issue that reflects a business communication. Culture Differences in Business The culture is the key element in business and has an impact on the strategic business plan. Business involves the people and communication plays a vital role in the smooth functioning of the business process. It consists of the etiquettes, behaviour and ethics related to business (Shenkar, 2012). The business culture also encompasses the organizations values, beliefs, vision and working style. The business culture defines the communication between the staffs of cultural disparities at different levels. The values, norms and behaviour of the people have an emphasis on the business productivity and success (Brown, 2014). The awareness in people regarding the cultural differences is effective in communicating to people and in carrying out a business process. A clear understanding of the cultural disparity would help to mitigate the cross cultural issues. In country like Australia, people give importance to the words and the way of speaking (Ferraro Brody, 2015). As the business involv es the countries from across the globe, it is important to note how people behave and communicate while doing business. The understanding of the customer needs and proper delivery of services to them requires intense communication and overcoming of cultural barriers. For this, it is required to understand the cultural background of the customers that would help to adopt and provide them with better products and services. The cultural background of the target audience, company or organization and other aspects are important for the effective business communication. Effects of Cross-Culture on Business Communication Verbal and non-verbal communication affects business communication greatly. The words and gestures during a conversation have great importance in a business process. The cross-cultural barriers during meetings in business influence the business deals to a great extent. The business process consists of diverse cross cultured people so overcoming of the cultural barriers that help in the proper execution of the business process (Guffey Loewy, 2012). A persons perspective is important regarding how they view business in a society. The communication gap greatly hampers the business standards and meeting the requirement of their consumers (Moran, Abramson Moran, 2014). This imprints a bad impression on the business and fail in meeting the requirements of the business. Cross-Cultural Issues On a daily basis, cross cultural issues are reflected in business communication. The business expectations are not understood due to cultural disparities leading to failure of meeting standards in business. The language is the most vital and challenging aspect in the business arena (Welzer, Jaakkola, DruÃ… ¾ovec Hlbl, 2013). People coming from different cultural backgrounds speak different languages and misunderstandings occur. The people act impatient or aggressive while approaching a business meet that greatly affects business deals. The miscommunication arising due to different cultures and countries greatly affects business consuming lot of time (Adekola Sergi, 2016). The cross cultural differences greatly affect the internal business meetings as it reduces its proficiency (Adler Graham, 2017). There are problems arising due to misinterpretation among the people from different cultures and society while addressing business on a global basis. People intend to view their beliefs right and objecting out the other persons that raise serious cross cultural issues. The behaviour and body language is also a cross cultural issue affecting the business communication on a large scale. The different cultures have different body languages including facial expressions that also create misunderstandings while communicating during business deals. The non verbal communication also creates a barrier hindering business communication (Asante, Mike Yin, 2013). The analysis of cross cultural issues is important in business communication and in meeting standards of business. Communication Models to Analyse the Cultural Differences The Lewis Model This model is proposed by Richard Lewis plotting the culture of the whole world on a chart. It is used to study the cross cultural differences that affect business communication. The model is helpful in studying the cross cultural disparities in the world. The Lewis model shows different aspects of cross cultural communication and its analysis (Katan, 2014). The model shows how people behave differently coming from different cultural backgrounds. The model states how people from different cultures differ in aspects of handling interpersonal space, eye contact and silence. The model also reflected the different communication styles of people and their language patterns. It explains the views and perspective of people regarding truth as negotiable or truth and also their adaptations in different situations. Lewis addressed that cultural behaviour is a reflection of what we normally learn and inherit in the form of beliefs and values. It is the collection of the programming of mind and the power to distinguish members of one group of human from another. Lewis plotted the countries into three categories of linear actives, multi-actives and reactive variants. The countries under the linear active group consist of English speaking people comprising of Australia, Britain, New Zealand and North America. This group is easy to identify. The reactive group consists of Asian and present in all major countries. The multi actives are present in scattered form comprising of cultures from South America, Arab, Mediterranean, South Europe and cultures from Middle East. This categorization by Lewis was done to group the countries according to their behaviour patterns, traits, talkativeness, emotions, body language, work ethics, sociability and other commonalties (Neuliep, 2014). It also shows the descriptions under the categories and the areas where there is a need for change in the attitude. This model clearly states and explains the behaviour and attitude of people country wise and makes easy to study the cultural differences for effective communication in every aspects. Conclusion Cultural barrier is a big hindrance in business communication hampering the business execution process. In a business process, people come from across the globe. The cultural differences play an important role in the business process involving individuals, states and countries working together. Overcoming the cultural barriers and disparities would help to achieve the standards of business. In order to study the cultural differences and to make efficient business communication, Richard Lewis designed the widely accepted model. The Lewis model explains the attitudes of the countries and their values helping to study and understand the values of cross culture that would help to establish cultural norms in an effective business world. References Adekola, A., Sergi, B. S. (2016).Global business management: A cross-cultural perspective. Routledge. Adler, N. J., Graham, J. L. (2017). Cross-cultural Interaction: The International Comparison Fallacy?. InLanguage in International Business(pp. 33-58). Springer International Publishing. Asante, M. K., Miike, Y., Yin, J. (2013).The global intercultural communication reader. Routledge. Brown, J. M. (2014). How Can Cultural Differences Affect Business Communication?.Small Business. Ferraro, G., Brody, E. K. (2015).Cultural Dimension of Global Business. Routledge. Guffey, M. E., Loewy, D. (2012).Essentials of business communication. Cengage Learning. Katan, D. (2014).Translating cultures: An introduction for translators, interpreters and mediators. Routledge. Moran, R. T., Abramson, N. R., Moran, S. V. (2014).Managing cultural differences. Routledge. Neuliep, J. W. (2014).Intercultural communication: A contextual approach. Sage Publications. Shenkar, O. (2012). Beyond cultural distance: Switching to a friction lens in the study of cultural differences.Journal of International Business Studies,43(1), 12-17. Welzer, T., Jaakkola, H., DruÃ… ¾ovec, M., Hlbl, M. (2013). Cultural and Lingual Awareness for the Global Conceptual Modeling.Information Modelling and Knowledge Bases XXIV,251, 271.

Divorce And Faults Essays - Family Law, Divorce, No-fault Divorce

Divorce And Faults The divorce is a legal ending of a marriage. It occurs when two spouses feel that a legal separation is the only way to put an end to their problems such as, differences in goals, financial difficulties, or poor sexual relationships. However, most people, when thinking about divorce, worry about the impact that it has on their children that are involved. Besides, a reason that at least half of our marriage fail is divorce laws. There have been many laws concerning divorce enforced in the United States that allow a quicker processing time. Maggie Gallagher, an affiliate scholar at the Institute for American Values, appointed about law in divorce such as why makes divorce easy? . These laws, often referred to as "no-fault", grant a divorce to a couple even if only one spouse applies for it. There are three reasons that support about no-fault divorce. The first reason is the no-fault attitude towards divorce encourages casual actions in marriages. For example, in the Journal of Marriage and the Family suggests that divorce rats increased from 15 to 25 percent as a result of the no-fault divorce laws. If we make an easier for divorce then we can decrease the quality of marriage. In addition, all marriages go through bleak times such as they don't angry together about any problem in their life, or he/she wants the spouse acts along his/her ways; therefore, making one partner often think about comfort through divorce. Instead of resolving problems in a healthy manner, divorce through the no-fault laws is quickly utilized to provide escape. Besides, under no-fault laws, divorces today are no less angry. For instance, in her book Second Chances, Judith Wallerstein found that about half of all the couples she studied were still locked in bitter conflict five years after divorcing. The next reason is no-fault divorce laws allow one partner to dissolve a marriage for any reason or for no reason at all. In the past, divorces as well as marriages had to occur as a contract or an agreement of responsibility. Through the no-fault, however, marriage can be dissolved by the wishes of only one spouse. In addition, many people believe that courts should treat marriages as any business contracts and thus divorce should be considered a breach of a legal agreement. If courts treated business contract as they now treat the marriage contract, and systematically favored the party that wished to withdraw, the direct result would be the collapse or decline in the economy. Furthermore, no-fault divorce agrees that it strengthens marriage because couples can leave bad marriages and make better ones. But the opposite has happened. For example, the University of Texas has pointed out that after 25 years of no-fault, there is as many unhappy marriages as ever, and far fever happy ones. Therefore divorce is a complex and painful process for both the children and the whole family system. Whether we like it or not, access to dissolve one's marriage and to seek alternative partners has become a part of our culture. The last reason is divorces have also become more common through out the no-fault laws. No-fault divorce is when neither side is labeled guilty. Some people oppose no-fault divorces because they believe such divorce can be obtained too easily. They feel couples can end their marriage without there being a real good reason. The divorce process is easier under the no-fault laws. Therefore the divorce rate will increase faster. In the late ?60s and mid-?70s a couple would divorce in first five years of marriage jumped by one-third. Besides, the no-fault divorce had led to a surge in the divorce, no surprise to anyone who has ever been married. However, we should not shift the blame divorce for no-fault law. No-fault laws have their right sides. Sometimes the husband drinks the drug or listens to from his friend; he comes home and has the bad things with his spouse. So, his spouse want to divorce him, but if there is no-fault divorce then the spouse will have a long day's series beside the husband she wants out of. No-fault divorce created many confortable conditions for the spouse developing their rights in the freedom society. Some couples say that their life is better than after they divorce. I think the increasing of divorces are caused by the environment, the society, no-fault laws protect the right of women when they meet the scenes of violence in family. In additional we have to understand that the purpose of making divorce more difficult

Copernicus and His Gifts to Science essays

Copernicus and His Gifts to Science essays On February 19, 1473 Nicolaus Copernicus was born, destined to be one of the most influential men in scientific history. Throughout his years, Copernicus has contributed many thoughts to science. The Autograph De Revolutionibus, preserved in the Jagiellonian Library, is a result of work of the great scholar. In May 1514 Copernicus had written and tastefully distributed in text his Commentariolus, the first outline of those wiles eventually substantiated in De Revolutionibus Orbium Coelestium (On the Revolutions of the Heavenly Spheres, 1543). This piece confronted the geocentric cosmology that had been uncompromisingly accepted since of Aristotle. Copernicus proposed that the Earth along with other planets revolved around a central Sun could account in a simpler way for the same observed phenomena of the daily rotation of the heavens, the annual movement of the Sun through the ecliptic, and the sporadic motions of the planets. The new theory that Copernicus advocated in De Revolutionibus exhibits an irregular fusion of both drastic and traditional basics. But, Copernicus still held to the ancient Aristotelian principles of solid celestial spheres and perfect circular motion of heavenly bodies, and the entire Aristotelian physics of motion. He clung to the Ptolemaic version of planetary motion by means of complex mixtures of circles called epicycles. These aspects of the Copernican expositions do not alleviate the innovation or the impact of the final theory, or the author's unyielding certainty that his system was an accurate depiction of physical reality. The articulation of the heliocentric theory by Copernicus launched the foundation of the scientific revolution. The publication of De Revolutionibus Orbium Coelestium was a break through contribution in history. By referring to the Earth, a daily motion around its own axis and a yearly motion around the stationary Sun, Copernicus developed a thought that had vast insinuation...

Film noir Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Film noir - Essay Example Yet this list is not exhaustive. Thrillers such as This Gun for Hire, The Big Sleep and The Lady in the Lake are as much part of the genre as are the more experimental Call Northshid 777, The House on the 92nd Street and The Naked City. Whatmore, compounding the problem of definition of film noir are the various renowned directors who have embraced the genre. Household names like Billy Wilder, John Huston, Otto Preminger, Robert Siodmak and Fritz Lang have all contributed to film noir. These luminous directors have not merely restricted themselves to film noir but have acquired fame for works in other genres. Hence classification on the basis of director groupings is also inadequate in defining film noir. Perhaps the only definitive quality is that the genre came into its own in the decade after the Second World War. It was an era of morose and confusion, as people (both in the United States and Europe) were grappling with evil tendencies in human nature – something film noir faithfully captures. In my opinion, authors Borde and Chaumeton do a commendable job of attempting to define the genre. They lay out the broader categories into which it falls, which incidentally complicate the problem. Finally, their definition of the genre in terms of its emotional effects on the audience – the state of tension and a specific psychological alienation imposed on the spectator – is something I agree with. The author begins by acknowledging the difficulties in defining film noir. Contrasting it with other established genres like horror or western, Schrader reckons that the differentiating quality of film noir is its subtle yet dark tone and mood. More than qualities inherent to the film, its periodic setting and its production in the forties and early fifties are better markers of the genre. There were four key socio-political conditions during this period which were instrumental in the birth of film noir. The first was